ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ.
ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵇⵇⵍⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ.
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ 12/13 ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵀⴰⵏⵣⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵟⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵎⴱⴰⵕⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵎⴱⴰⵕⴷ ⴳ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ.
ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵏⴱⴹⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵎⵓⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵏⵙⴼⵉⵍⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ 18 ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵉⴽⴷ, ⵢⵓⵙⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵎⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵔⵅⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ 19, ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵡⵉⴷⵣ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ 1904 ⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵉⴽⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1906.[1]
ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ- ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ .
- ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷⵜ.
- ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵜ.
- ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴼ.
- ⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ.
- ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵔⴰⵣ.
- ⴰⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢⵏ.
- ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
- ⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ.[2]
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵏⴰⴽⵏ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ- ↑ Samuel Marshall, Treatise on the Law of Insurance (3rd edition, 1823), Vol 1, p. 23
- ↑ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ, https://ila.io/5vg5r