ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ

ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Papua New Guinea), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ (ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ) ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵓⵇⵢⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵎⵓⵔⵙⴱⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ: ⵔⴰⴱⴰⵡⵍ, ⵡⵍⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⴳ, ⴷ ⴳⵓⵔⵓⴳⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ 19 ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ.

ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ

ⵜⴰⴽⵔⴹⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ

ⵣⵉⴽ ⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1884 ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵢⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1905 ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ, ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1973, ⵉⵎⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1975. ⵣⴷⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏⵙⵉⵢⵏ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵏⵉⴳ 5545000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2005), ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ 475369 ⴽⵎ².

ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ 820 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⵔⴳⵏⵜ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵟⵓⴱⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴱⴱⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ (ⵍⵎⵔⵊ) ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵢⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 50 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ, ⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1938 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ.

ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴽⵣ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ; "ⵜⵓⴽ ⴱⵉⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵀⵉⵔⵉ ⵎⵓⵜⵓ", ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵢⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵔⵟⴰⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵔⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ.