ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ
ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: المرابطون, ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: Al-Murābiṭūn) ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵓⴽⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⵓⴽⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ-11 ⵉⵖⵔⵔⴷⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⵍⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ 1050 ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴹⵕ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵓⵡⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ ⴳ 1147. ⵜⵎⵖⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵇⵇⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵜⵓⵏⴰ, ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰ, ⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵕⵃⵃⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵢⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵉⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴹⵕⴰ, ⵏⵉⵊⵔ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵏⵉⴳⴰⵍ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵖⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1070.
ⵣⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ (ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ) ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴽⴰⵙⵜⵉⵍⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⴳⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵣⵣⴰⵍⴰⵇⴰ ⴳ 1086. ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴼⵙⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵢⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ 3,000 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ "ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ" ("Amir al-Muslimīn"), ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵖⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ. ⴹⵕⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⵏⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵖⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1147 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵡⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ.
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
- General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, Ed. M. Elfasi, Ch. 13 I.Hrbek and J.Devisse, The Almoravids (pp. 336–366), UNESCO, 1988