ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ
ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: London) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 8,673,713 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 2.7 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015 ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ 13,879,757 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ. ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⵓⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ.[1][2]
| ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ | |
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.svg){kind=small} ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ | |
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| ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ |
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ | ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ ⵎⵇⵓⵔⵏ |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ | |
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| ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ | 1572 Km² |
| ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ | 15 m |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ | |
| ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ | 8 799 728 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⵉⵖ (2021) |
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵖ 43 ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴹⵕ ⵜⵎⵏⴽⵓⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ "ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵉⵏⵢⵓⵎ", ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⴽ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵓⵚⴰⴽⵚⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴽⵙ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ. ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵢⴽⵉⵏⴳⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵖⵯⵉⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴱⵖⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴰⴳⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵖⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴹⵕ ⵖ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵍⴼⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 886.
ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1067 ⵖ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⴽ ⴰⵏⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⴷⴷⵓⵇ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⴰⵏⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⴷⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ.
ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 14, ⴰⴼⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵎⵉ. ⵍⵓⴹⵓⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴰⵢⴷ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵙⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⵏⴰ ⵓⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ, ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1694, ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⴱⵉ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵟ ⴰⴷⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵖⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴼⵉⴽⵟⵓⵕⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴷⵉ ⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴳⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵓⵊⵊⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴼⴼⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⴼⴰⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵖⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓ-ⴳⵍⵉⴱ ⵏ 1832, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⴰⵎⵎⴰ (ⵟⵓžžⵓⵟ) ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ 1858, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵊⵕⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵉⵔⵖⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵍⵃⴰⵍ.
ⴳⵔ 1750 ⴰⵔ 1901, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵓ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵙⵙⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 700.000 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 4.000.000. ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵍⵓⵏⴹⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ.