ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ

ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵕⵉⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ (ⵙ ⵜⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵜ: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi]; ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 24 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1987, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ^[1]. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ^[2]. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵓ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ^[3]. ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ. ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⵢⵉⴳⵓ ⴰⵔⵎⴰⵏⴷⵓ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵙⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵓ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵓ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ.

ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵕⵉⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ
ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵍ'ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	24 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1987 (ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ 37)
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ	ⵕⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉ	1.70 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ
ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔ	ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⴰⵎⴰⴽⵯⴰⵢ
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ	ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ
ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ (3)	ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ, ⵎⴰⵜⵢⵓ, ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ
ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ	ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵙⵉⵍⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⵢⴰ ⴽⵓⵜⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏⵉ
ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ
ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ	ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ	10
ⵜⵉⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ
ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ	ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ	ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵉⵏ	(ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ)
2003–2004	ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ (ⵙ)	10	(5)
2004–2005	ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ (ⴱ)	22	(6)
2004–2021	ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ	520	(474)
2021–2023	ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ-ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ	58	(22)
2023-	ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ	11	(11)
ⵜⴰⵙⴹⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
2004-2005	ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ-20	18	(14)
2008	ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ-23	5	(2)
2005–	ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ	176	(104)
ⴰⵙⴳⵎⴹ

ⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ
ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⵉⴼ ⵙⴳ ( 2010)
ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ
ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ	www.leomessi.com
ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ	229397
TransferMarket	ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ
####

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵔⵓⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵣⵖ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵛⵉⵍⵢⴰ ⵛⵓⵜⵛⵉⵜⵉⵏⵉ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⵔⵓⴷⵔⵉⴳⵓ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⴰⵙ.

ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵊⴷⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 12 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵉⴹⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ

ⵜⵉⵙⵇⵇⴰⵏ

ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵔⵓⴽⴽⵓⵥⵓ. ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ, ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵢⴰⴳⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 2 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2012, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵜⵉⵢⵓ ⴳ 11 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2015, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵛⵢⵉⵔⵔⵓ ⴳ 10 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2018.

ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2017^[4].

ⴰⴱⵓⴷⴷⵓ

ⴽⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵓⴷⴷⵓ. ⵉⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴳ 2007, ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵣⵉ, ⵉⵕⵥⵎ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵕⵓ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵕⵓⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ

ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵢ

ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2016, ⵜⵏⴽⴹ ⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵜⴽⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵢ, ⵜⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ 21 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ. ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⴽⵛⵉⵎ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵉⴼⵙⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴳⵉⵔ^[5]. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵅⵓⵔⵅⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵢⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ^[6].

ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ

ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵣⵔⴼⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⴳⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ-20 ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵟⵟⴰⵕ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ 2-1. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴰⵢⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵖⵉⵜ (ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ) ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⵔⴽⵙ ⴰⵡⵔⵖⵉ (ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ).

ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 17 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2005 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵀⵓⵏⴳⴰⵔⵢⴰ. ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ 45' ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵎⴱⵍⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⴼⵏⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵙⴰ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴽⵕⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2006. ⵉⵕⵥⴰ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ 3-2^[7]. ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵅⵓⵚⵉ ⴱⵉⴽⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 2006. ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵚⵉⵕⴱⵢⴰ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2006.

ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵎⴱⵉⴽⵙ ⵏ 2008 ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ, ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵅⵉⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵊⵉⵏⴳ. ⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴱⵉⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵖⴳ 2011. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⵀⴰⵜⵕⵉⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ 68 ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⵙ 3-1 ⴳ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2012^[8].

ⴳ 21 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2016, ⵉⵕⵥⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙ 55 ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵉⴹⵉ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵓⴼⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵢⵉⵍ ⴱⴰⵜⵉⵙⵜⵓⵜⴰ ⵙ 54 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ^[9]

ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ

ⴳ 26 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ, ⵜⵕⵥⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵛⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵢⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ 4-2 ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵙ 0-0. ⵉⵣⴳⵍ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵢⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ, ⵉⵎⵎⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵕⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ. ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ, ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ, ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ^[10].

ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵣⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ

ⵢⴰⴹⵓ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2016 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2018 ⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ.

ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵉⵕⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2018, ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ 2-1 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ.

ⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴹⵕ ⵙ 2021 ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵍⵓⵏⵉ, ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ. ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵅⵉⵍ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵕⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 11', ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ ⵙ 1-0 ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ.

ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2022, ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵍ ⵙⴽⴰⵍⵓⵏⵉ, ⵏⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ 3-0, ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵍⵉⵙⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵎⴱⵍⵉⵢ.

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⵙⵜ ⵏ 2022, ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2022 ⴳ ⵇⴰⵟⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ. ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ

ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ (ⴳ ⵓⴼⴰⵙⵉ) ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵖⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴻⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⴰⵢⵎⴰⵕ (ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ) ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ 2011.

ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⵏⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⵓⵍⴷ ⴱⵓⵢⵥ ⴳ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2000, ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴳ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2001. ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2001/2 ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵊⵄⵓⴹ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵕⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ. ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵡⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ^[11].

ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 16 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ 2003 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴱⵓⵕⵜⵓ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2003-04 ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ "ⴱ". ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ 2004-05, ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ 16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2004 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵍ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵍⴰ ⵍⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 17 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ 1 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2005 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵙⵉⵜⵉ ⴱⴰⵍⵓⵎⴱⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵉⵏⵢⵓ. ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵍⴰ ⵍⵉⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ 6 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴳ 2006.

ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2006-07 ⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵖⵯⵍⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⴰⵀⴰⵜⵕⵉⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵓ. ⴳ 18 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2007, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ" ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ 1986 ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵙⵡⵉⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ, ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴳⵥⴰⴼⵉ (ⵜⵜⵛⴰⴱⵉⵉ) ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴰⴼ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ^[12].

ⴳ 2019, ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⴹⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵕⵚⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 45%^[13]. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵉⵏⵢⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2007-08, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ 10 ⵢ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ. ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2008-09 ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ 38 ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵏⵔⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ 2-0 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵢⵜⵉⴷ, ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ 2009-10 ⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵡⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ 47 ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵛⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⵏⴰⵥⴰⵔⵢⵓ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2009, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ. ⵉⵙⵙⵡⵓ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ 2011 ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵜⵉⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ. ⵜⵏⵏⵔⵓ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ ⵙ 3-1, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ.

ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵚⴰⵍⵓⵏⴰ , ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ

ⴳ 7 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2023, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵜⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵎⵉ ⴳ "ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ" (ⵎⵍⵙ)^[14], ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷⵉⵜⵙⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ

ⵎⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴳ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2011.

ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ IFFHS (2021)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵕⵢⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ‏ (2020)
ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (2020)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵢ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ (2020)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ ⵢ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ (2019)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴼⴰ ⵉ ⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ (ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2017)
ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (ⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2016)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴳⵍⵓⴱ ⵚⵓⴽⴻⵔ (2015)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵢ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ (2015)
ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⴰⴷⵉⴷⴰⵙ (2014)
ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ IFFHS (2012)
100 ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴳⴰⵕⴷⵢⴰⵏ (2012)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ (2011)
ⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵙⵉ ⴰⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵍⵉⴽⵉⴱ (2011)
ⴰⵏⵛⴰ (ⵜⴰⵥⴳⴳⵯⴰ) ⵏ ⵓⵕⴱⵉⴱ ⴳⵓⵔⴳⵓⵙ (2019)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ IFFHS (2010)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴷⵓ ⵔⵓⴼⵉⵕⴰ (2010)
ⴰⴱⵓⵔⴽⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴰⵡⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉ (2010)
ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (2010)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵜⵛⵉⵛⵉ (2010)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (2009)
ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ (2009)
ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ (2009)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (2009)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ (2009)
ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⴽⴰ (2009)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ (2009)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⵕⵉⴷⵓ ⴷⵉ ⵙⵜⵉⴼⴰⵏⵓ (2009)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴼⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ (2009)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ (2008)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴼⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ (2008)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉ (2007)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⴼⵓ (2007)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵓⵏ (2007)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴱⵕⵓ (2006)
ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ (2005)
ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ (2005)

ⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ

ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ

ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

[1] ttp://www.messi.com/

[2] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20231208215316/https://divamagzine.com/lionel-messi-addresses-future-retirement-in-2022/

[3] ttps://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4004641/lionel-messi-wins-sixth-ballon-dor-awardovertaking-cristiano-ronaldo

[4] ttps://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/07/lionel-messi-wedding-childhood-sweetheart-antonela-roccuzzo-argentina-barcelona

[5] ttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36721892

[6] ttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36433061

[7] ttps://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=195332

[8] ttps://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record

[9] ttps://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/index.html

[10] ttps://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record

[11] ttps://sportslibro.com/football/news/lionel-messi-biography/5798

[12] ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMiL4_1Yewg

[13] ttps://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1133199/messis-goal-against-getafe-is-the-best-in-barcas-history-according-to-the-fans

[14] ttps://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65832658

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